【美食英文】看懂英文食譜好簡單 煎、煮、炒、炸英文一次報你知!
文/ Sue
你喜歡美食嗎?特別是和外國朋友聊天時,
「美食」是一個超級棒的破冰項目。但常常聽到一個食物的名稱,
我們很難知道它到底是怎麼樣的食物,除了描述食物有多美味,
了解它的製作方法不但可以知道食物確切的樣子、又可以聊更深入,
以下,就介紹一些食譜常會看到的動詞給大家!
看完這篇,無論是用英文在餐廳點菜、
介紹美食、甚至是自己鑽研外國食譜都能輕鬆搞定!
(參考資料:Elena, 2016; Ah, 2014)
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首先,煮菜前一定要備料,
也就是將肉、蔬果處理成自己想要的形狀,
這道程序不但會影響成品的美觀,也會造成調味入味的差別呢。
備料(Preparation)
- chop 切絲、剁 → chop onions 將洋蔥切絲
- dice 切丁 → dice a carrot 將紅蘿蔔切丁
- fillet 切片 → fillet a pork tenderloin 將豬里肌切片
- slice 切薄片 → slice smoked salmon 將煙燻鮭魚切成薄片
- julienne 切成細絲 → julienne cabbage 將甘藍菜切成細絲
- mince 切成碎末 → minced onions 洋蔥碎末
- shred 切碎 → shred cheese 碎起司
- grate 磨成絲狀或粉狀 → grated cheese 起司粉
- grind 絞碎 → ground meat 絞肉
(補充:在這裡是將grind 的過去分詞ground 當作形容詞用喔!)
- shave 削 → shave carrots 將蘿蔔削皮
- peel 剝皮 → peel an orange 剝橘子皮
- scale 去鱗 → scale a fish 把魚去鱗
- core 去核 → core an apple 將蘋果去核
- trim 切除不要的部分 → trim off the fat 切除脂肪
- stuff 填裝 → stuff dumplings with meat 將肉填進餃子裡
- drain 瀝乾 → drain canned beans 將豆子罐頭的汁水瀝乾
再來就是烹飪手法囉!
烹飪手法的不同,造就了各式各樣的美食,
每個國家有有他們特殊的烹調方法,快來看看各式各樣的烹調動詞吧!
烹調(cook)
- boil 水煮(滾水) → boil beans 水煮豆子
- blanch 川燙 → blanch a tomato to peel its skin 川燙番茄後剝皮
- braise 熬煮 → braise gravy 熬煮肉汁
- poach 水煮 → poached egg 水煮荷包蛋
- simmer 煨、小火熬煮 → simmer pork in vegetable soup 蔬菜湯煨豬肉
- stew 燉 → stew chicken 燉雞肉
- steam 蒸 → steam a lobster 蒸龍蝦
- sweat 炒煮出水分 → sweat onions 將洋蔥炒軟煮出汁液
- saute 嫩煎 → saute a salmon 煎鮭魚
- fry 炒 → fried rice 炒飯
- pan-fry 煎炒 → pan-fry beef 炒牛肉
- stir-fry 快炒 → stir-fry vegetable 快炒蔬菜
- deep-fry 油炸 → deep-fry floured chicken 油炸(裹粉)雞肉
- barbecue 炭火燒烤 → barbecue the meat 碳烤牛肉
- grill 火烤(用烤架烤) → grill lamb ribs 火烤羊小排
- roast 烘烤(熱源來自四面八方) → roast a chicken at 300 degrees for an hour
- 用(烤箱)300度(華氏)烤雞肉一小時
- broil 烤(熱源來自上方) → broil a chicken 烤雞肉
- smoke 煙燻 → smoke fish 燻魚
處理食物的手法
- strain 瀝出 → strain gravy 瀝出肉汁
- skim 撇去液體表面的漂浮物 → skim the grease from a soup 將湯上的浮油撈掉
- stir 攪拌 → stir the soup in a pot 攪拌鍋子裡的湯
- flip 翻面 → flip a pancake 將鬆餅翻面
- marinate 醃泡 → marinate pork in vinegar and white wine 用白酒和醋醃肉
- soak 浸泡 → soak green beans 浸泡綠豆
- pickle 腌漬 → pickle cabbage 醃漬甘藍菜
- squeeze 搾 → squeeze a lemon 搾檸檬汁
- mash 搗碎 → mashed potatoes 馬鈴薯泥
- crush 壓碎 → crush a clove of garlic 壓碎一辦大蒜
- puree 弄成醬狀 → puree tomatoes in a food processor 用食物處理機將番茄打成醬狀
- bread 裹上麵包粉 → bread oysters 將牡蠣裹上麵包粉
- thicken 勾芡 → thicken the soup with flour 在湯加里入麵粉勾芡
- season 調味 → season a chicken with hot spices 在雞肉上灑上辣粉調味
- glaze 淋上糖漿 → glazed carrots 蜜紅蘿蔔
- baste 淋(醬汁) → baste the turkey with its juice 將肉汁淋上火雞肉
- dip 稍加浸泡、沾醬 → dip a shrimp into vinegar 將蝦子沾一下醋
- spread 塗 → spread bread with butter 在麵包上塗奶油
- sprinkle 灑 → sprinkle pepper on the steak 灑一些胡椒到牛排上
- brush 刷 → brush some oil 刷一點油
看了這麼多煮菜相關的動詞,我們就實際來看一篇食譜吧!
(參考資料:頭條日報飲食, 2016)
Sweet and Vinegar Spare Ribs (糖醋小排)
Ingredients(食材)
- Pork spareribs 600g 肋排 600克
- Spinach 300g 菠菜 300克
- Spring onion 2 葱 2條
- Ginger 3 slices 薑 3片
- Star anise 1 八角 1顆
- Cinnamon 1 small piece 桂皮 1小片
Seasoning(調味料)
- Soy sauce 4 tbsp醬油 4湯匙
- Wine 3 tbsp酒 3湯匙
- Rock sugar 2 tbsp冰糖 2湯匙
- Vinegar 2 tbsp醋 2湯匙
Method(做法)
1. Chop the spareribs into 3 cm cubes.
Blanch in boiling water until the color changed. Remove and wash.
將排骨剁成3公分的小段,放入滾水中汆燙,待排骨變色後撈出、洗淨。
2.Heat the oil in the pan; saute ginger slices and onion sections.
Add spareribs, star anise and seasoning.
Stir fry for a while. Add 2 cup of water and bring to a boil. Then simmer for 1.5 hours.
燒熱油鍋,煎香薑片和蔥段,加入排骨、八角和調味料拌炒一下,
注入2杯水,煮滾後改以小火燒煮1個半小時。
3.When spareribs are tender and gravy almost dry up, set in dish.
當排骨已經燒得很軟嫩時,收乾湯汁,盛入盤中。
大家有沒有發覺看食譜變得超容易,
不如馬上跟Engoo老師分享一下自己的拿手菜吧!
參考資料
Elena Voicetube.2016. 煎、炒、燉、炸這些烹飪動詞會說嗎?, [Online]. [Accessed 29 January 2016]. Available from: https://tw.blog.voicetube.com/archives/42790
Ah Voicetube.2016. 想看懂外國食譜嗎?你不能不知道這些單字!, [Online]. [Accessed 21 August 2014]. Available from: https://tw.blog.voicetube.com/archives/7694
頭條日報飲食.2016. 食譜專頁,糖醋燒子排, [Online]. [Accessed 30 August 2015]. Available from: https://hd.stheadline.com/dining/recipe_content.asp?srid=2&rid=1847&lang=eng