【英文文法】每個單字都看得懂合起來卻看不懂嗎?三個步驟教你看懂英文長句
編輯/ Zoe Li
你覺得自己英文不錯,卻常常看不懂常很長的句子嗎?
或者一整句的單字都會,卻看不懂句子嗎?
以下這些方法能讓你解決這種困擾!
第一步:學習單字的第二第三常見用法
例如:school是學校,但在GMAT或學術文章中通常做”學派”的解釋。
school與魚一起出現的時候,做群的解釋,也就是魚群。
advance最常見的意思是前進或進步,但第二個意思是提出理論的意思
[例如]
Biologists have advanced two theories to explain why schooling of fish occurs in so many fish species.
生物學家提出兩個理論來解釋為何魚的群聚會發生在許多魚的品種當中。
Allen's work is a rather extreme example of the "country community" school
of seventeenth-century English history whose intemperate excesses in removing
all national issues from the history of that period have been exposed by Professor Clive Holmes.
這裡的school指的是學派,也就是鄉村學派。
覺得上面這個句子非常看不懂嗎?以下就來教你怎麼看懂這個長句!
第二步:判斷句子的主要子句及修飾語在哪裡
第一次完整的讀完長句,不要因為不懂得生難字停頓,
先用括號括出修飾語。然後先略過不看只讀沒有修飾語的主詞、
動詞以及主要子句,先了解句意,再看那些修飾語是補充什麼。
哪些是修飾語呢?
[例如]
in…from...後面的都是修飾語,A of B的句型中, B即是修飾語
以下面那個句子來看:
Allen's work is a rather extreme example of the "country community" school
of seventeenth-century English history whose intemperate excesses in removing
all national issues from the history of that period have been exposed by Professor Clive Holmes.
把修飾語都先略過不看,就會發現你好像大概理解句子的意思了。
意思就是,Allen的作品是一個極端的例子。
讀第二次前先猜測修飾語的目的是什麼,例如主詞是歷史,
修飾語可能會是描述在哪個時期哪個學派的哪種歷史。
從剛剛那個句子來看,我們就會發現of the "country community" school在修飾example
whose intemperate excesses in removing all national issues from the history
of that period have been exposed by Professor Clive Holmes.
同時,也是修飾example,而of seventeenth-century English history修飾country community(鄉村學派)。
whose intemperate excesses in removing all national issues from the history
of that period have been exposed by Professor Clive Holmes
這句又可以先把修飾語忽略不看,意思就是:「那個例子被當時的Clive Holmes教授給揭發出來。」
如此一來,層層的將句子拆解開來,就能看懂句子的意思了!
第三步:找出主要子句,忽略從屬子句
[例如]
Although the industrial union organizations that emerged under the banner of the Congress
of Industrial Organizations (CIO) in the 1930s and 1940s embraced the principles
of nondiscrimination and inclusion, the role of women within unions reflected the prevailing gender ideology of the period.
Although所帶領的句子是從屬子句,只是為了表達對比的關係,重點是主要子句要表達的觀念,
所以可以先看主要子句的觀念,再看although的長句會更好了解。
像上述句子,主要子句的意思是女人在工會裡的角色反應出當時的性別意識形態,
那當時的意識形態是什麼呢?應該就是跟although子句相反的概念,
Although子句的大略中文意思(省略修飾語不看)是:
儘管工會在1930~1940年間接受了反歧視條款。主要子句隱含的意思就是女人在工會的角色仍然被歧視。
最後,特別注意轉折詞以了解文章的脈絡,
However,nevertheless後面接的句子通常會是文章重心,
讀到時要特別注意跟前方文章不同之處。下次面對英文長句的時候,
可以試著自行拆解出修飾語與主要子句,
如果不太會判斷的話,可以與ENGOO老師討論!
參考資料:
gmatclub. Biologists have advanced two theories to explain. [online] available from: https://gmatclub.com/forum/biologists-have-advanced-two-theories-to-explain-137038.html
ChaseDream.Com prep1 essay6到底在说什么?. [online] available from: https://forum.chasedream.com/thread-388110-1-1.html