【英文文法】多益必考的分詞構句，這樣理解保證不再搞混！（下）
文/ 尹宜蓁
簡單來說，分詞構句就是「減化版的副詞子句」。
不知道什麼是副詞子句的話，可以先參考這篇：
【英文文法】多益必考的分詞構句，這樣理解保證不再搞混！（上）
為什麼要減化？
其實它只是一種修辭，為了美化句子而已～
怎麼減化？
| Step1 | 找到副詞子句，並把連接詞去掉* (*註：如果去掉連接詞會造成前後語意模糊，則不建議去除) |
| Step2 | 若副詞子句的主詞＝主要子句的主詞，則去掉副詞子句的主詞 若副詞子句的主詞≠主要子句的主詞，則保留副詞子句的主詞 (獨立分詞構句) |
| Step3 | 若副詞子句為主動，把動詞改為Ving (如果改完是being也可省略) 若副詞子句為被動，則去掉be動詞 |
為了幫助理解，小編整理了接下來的範例供大家參考：
【範例１】
Because I overslept this morning, I was late for school.
Step 1. 找到副詞子句，並把連接詞去掉
>> Because I overslept this morning, I was late for school.
Step 2. 副詞子句和主要子句的主詞皆為I，則可去掉副詞子句中的I
>> Because I overslept this morning, I was late for school.
Step 3. 副詞子句為主動，把動詞改為Ving
>> Oversleeping this morning, I was late for school.
【範例２】
When he was taking a bath, he came up with a good idea.
Step 1. 找到副詞子句，並把連接詞去掉
>> When he was taking a bath, he came up with a good idea.
Step 2. 副詞子句和主要子句的主詞皆為he，則可去掉副詞子句中的he
>> When he was taking a bath, he came up with a good idea.
Step 3. 副詞子句為主動，把動詞改為Ving
>> Being taking a bath, he came up with a good idea.
動詞改為Ving後是being，being可省略
>> Taking a bath, he came up with a good idea.
【範例３】
After she was seated by the window, she started to read the menu.
Step 1. 若將連接詞after去掉，兩動作的前後關係不清楚，因此保留after
Step 2. 副詞子句和主要子句的主詞皆為she，則可去掉副詞子句中的she
>> After she was seated by the window, she started to read the menu.
Step 3. 副詞子句為被動，去掉be動詞
>> After seated by the window, she started to read the menu.
【範例４（獨立分詞構句）】
As the pandemic broke out, the streets became empty.
Step 1. 找到副詞子句，並把連接詞去掉
>> As the pandemic broke out, the streets became empty.
Step 2. 副詞子句的主詞是the pandemic，主要子句的主詞是the street，兩者不一樣，所以都要保留
Step 3. 副詞子句為主動，把動詞改為Ving
>> The pandemic breaking out, the streets became empty.
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除了副詞子句外，and所引導的子句有時也會被減化為分詞構句，
減化方式和副詞子句一樣，
接下來的範例5就是以and子句減化的分詞構句：
【範例５】
He went to a convenience store, and he bought a bottle of water.
Step 1. 找到and子句，並把連接詞and去掉
>> He went to a convenience store, and he bought a bottle of water.
Step 2. and子句和主要子句的主詞皆為he，則可去掉and子句中的he
>> He went to a convenience store, and he bought a bottle of water.
Step 3. and子句為主動，把動詞改為Ving
>> He went to a convenience store, buying a bottle of water.
–
分詞構句要判斷的眉眉角角比較多，
不過它的大原則就是「在語意清楚的情況下刪減文字」。
分詞構句用於寫作時，能精簡語句又增添亮點，
但一篇文章出現一到兩次就好，
不然一樣的梗玩太多次，就有失增添亮點的效果囉～
最後，恭喜各位正式成為分詞構句大師！
